Assessment of the Effects of Lithium Exploration Activities on Soil Quality in Agricultural Areas of Nasarawa Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigates the environmental and socio-economic effects of lithium exploration on agricultural communities in Nasarawa Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, with emphasis on soil quality, water resources, and agricultural productivity. A convergent mixed-methods research design was adopted, integrating household surveys, laboratory analysis of soil samples, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that lithium exploration significantly degraded soil quality by reducing soil pH, organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus, and by increasing soil erosion and heavy metal contamination. These environmental changes contributed to declining agricultural productivity, reflected in a 20% reduction in crop yield and a 26.7% decline in average household income among farming households. The study recommends the establishment of pilot soil rehabilitation and environmental monitoring programmes, supported by stronger enforcement of environmental regulations and collaboration among government agencies, mining companies, and host communities to promote sustainable lithium development while protecting agricultural livelihoods.